Friday, December 25, 2015

شركة تويوتا للسيارات

شركة تويوتا للسيارات هي شركة كبرى يابانية ويقع مقرّها الرئيسي في مدينة تويوتا في اليابان. في مارس 2014 وصل عدد الموظفون في الشركة متعددة الجنسية إلى 338,875 موظف عالمياً. في نوفمبر 2014 كان ترتيب شركة تويوتا الحادي عشرة عالمياً من ناحية الدخل وفي 2012 كانت تويوتا الأولى عالميا بين مصنّعي السيارات في العالم من ناحية الإنتاج متقدمة على فولكسفاغن وجنرال موتورز. في يوليو 2012 أعلنت الشركة عن إنتاج السيارة رقم مائتان مليون لها منذ دخول الشركة في صناعة السيارات.
شركة تويوتا تصنع السيارات تحت خمس مسميات؛ تويوتا ولكسز وهينو ورانز وسايون، كما تمتلك 51.2% من أسهم شركة دايهاتسو و 16.66% من أسهم شركة فوجي للصناعات الثقيلة و5.9% من أسهم شركة إيزوزو و3.58% من أسهم شركة ياماها و 0.27% من شركة تسلا.

التسمية والشعار:

كانت المركبات تُباع تحت اسم "تويودا"، وهو اسم عائلة مؤسس الشركة "كيشيرو تويودا"، لكن ريسابورو تويودا، الذي تزوج من العائلة ولم يكن يحمل الاسم، فضّل استخدام تسمية "تويوتا" لأنها أسهل كتابةً في اللغة اليابانية، ومظهرها أبسط وتُسمع أفضل بحرفيّ "تاء". لفظ "تويودا" يعني حرفياً "حقل الأرز الخصيب"، لذا كان تغيير الاسم أفضل حتى تُنسى العلاقة بين الاسم والزراعة القديمة. وفي عام 1937م، تم تسجيل الاسم الجديد "شركة تويوتا للسيارات" بشكل رسمي، وبحلول سبتمبر من سنة 1947م، كانت سيارات تويوتا المتوسطة الحجم تُباع تحت اسم "تويوبت" وكانت أول سيارة تُباع تحت هذا الاسم تويوبت SA إلى أن اقتحمت الشركة السوق الأمريكية بالسيارتين تويوبت كراون وتويوبت كورونا، ولكن لم يلق الاسم استحسان الناس لأنه قريب من (Toy ← لعبة) و(pet ← حيوان منزلي)، واستمر هذا الاسم حتى منتصف عقد الستينات من القرن العشرين.
استمر اسم "شركة تويوتا للسيارات" حتى يوم 8 يناير عام 2008م، حيث أزالت الشركة كلمة "للسيارات" من الاسم لتصبح "شركة تويوتا" (بالإنجليزية: Toyota Corporation)، وكذلك قامت بنقل كلمة شركة من آخر الاسم باللغة اليابانية لتضعه في أوله.

بعض صور سيارات تويوتا:

 
تويوتا لاندكروزر 2016

 
تويوتا هايلوكس 2016

 
تويوتا راف فور 2016

 
تويوتا افالون 2016

 
تويوتا كورولا 2016

Thursday, December 24, 2015

شركة هيونداي موتور

شركة هيونداي موتورز (بالإنجليزية: Hyundai Motor Company) فرع من مجموعة سيارات هيونداي/كيا، وهي ثاني أكبر شركة في كوريا الجنوبية بعد سامسونج وأول مصنّع للسيارات في كوريا الجنوبية ورابع أكبر مصنعي السيارات في العالم من حيث عدد الوحدات المباعة سنوياً، وواحدة من أكبر شركات أسيا تتضمن تويوتا، هوندا، نيسان موتورز. شركة هيونداي تأسست في 1967 وتحوي على 75000 موظف على مستوى العالم وبلغت عائداتها في 2008 34.5 مليار دولار.

تاريخ هيونداي موتورز
شنج جو-ينج هو مؤسس شركة هيونداي للهندسة والأنشاء عام 1947 وتأسست شركة هيونداي موتور لاحقاً عام 1967. هيونداي كورتينا أول موديل أنتجته الشركة بالتعاون مع شركة فورد موتور عام 1968. في عام 1975 طُرحت بوني في الأسواق كأول سيارة كورية، صممها جيورجيو جيجيارو من شركة إيتلديزين، وتكنولجيا الكهرباء كانت مقدمة من شركة متسوبيشي موتورز اليابان، بدأ التصدير في العام التالي إلى الإكوادور وبعدها بفترة قصيرة إلى دول البينيلكس (تجمع اقتصادي في أوروبا الغربية يضم هولندا، بلجيكا ولوكسمبرورج). عام 1991 نجحت الشركة في إنتاج أول محرك يعمل بالبنزين واسطونات ألفا الرباعية، وناقل حركة مسجلين باسم الشركة، ممهدة الطريق إلى الاستقلال التكنولوجي. دخلت هيونداي السوق الأمريكي 1986و هيونداي إكسيل حازت بلقب أحسن عاشر منتج في مجلة فورشين، إلى حد كبير رجع ذلك إلى سهولة اقتنائها. أنتجت الشركة 1988 موديلات بتكنولجيا خاصة بها وكان أولها هيونداي سوناتا الحجم المتوسط. في 1998 بدأت الشركة بفحص صورتها بدقة وعناية لتحول نفسها إلى علامة عالمية، 1999 قام شنج جو-ينج بنقل قيادة الشركة إلى إبنه شنج مونج كو.

مراكز هيونداي للبحث والتطوير:
تمتلك شركة هيونداي 6 مراكز للبحث والتطوير على مستوى العالم، 3 مراكز في كوريا ومركز في اليابان ومركز في المانيا ومركز في الهند وكذلك يوجد مركز في كاليفورنيا متخصص في تطوير تصاميم الشركة في السوق الأمريكية.

إيحاءات تصاميم هيونداي
في 2016 قامت هيونداي بتوظيف توماس بوركل كرئيس مركز التطوير في الشركة في روسلشايم المانيا والذي كان يعمل قبل ذلك لدى شركة بي إم دبليو، توماس عمل على عدة تصاميم منها بي إم دبليو الفئة الثالثة (E46) وبي إم دبليو الفئة السادسة (E63). فلسفة هيونداي الحالية تعرف بالمنحوتاث المائعة والتي هي مستوحاة من الطبيعة.

بعض صور سيارات هيونداي:
هيونداي جينيسيس 2015

هيونداي سوناتا 2015

هيونداي إلنترا 2015

هيونداي أكسنت 2015

هيونداي سنتافي 2015



هيونداي توسان 2015

كيا موتورز



شركة كيا للسيارات هي شركة كورية جنوبية ومقرها الرئيسى في سيول، تعتبر شركة كيا ثاني مصنّع للسيارات الكورية بعد شركة هيونداي ووصلت إجمالي مبيعات سياراتها لعام 2012 إلى 2.7 مليون سيارة وفي عام 2013 إلى 2.75 مليون سيارة. وحتى إحصائيات ديسمبر 2013 تمتلك شركة هيونداي مايعادل 33.88% من قيمة شركة كيا للسيارات.

تاريخ كيا موتورز:

ووفقا لكيا موتورز، اسم "كيا" مستمد من الكلمة السينوكورية " كي (ki) " (الخروج من) والحرف " أ (a) " (الذي يرمز لآسيا, والمعنى الكلي لـ كيا (Kia) هو "الناشئة أو الخارجة من آسيا".
كيا تعد من أقدم شركات السيارات، تأسست في 9 جوان/يونيو 1944 حيث كانت بداياتها في تصنيع الأنابيب الفولاذية والدراجات يدويا. وفي عام 1952، غيرت كيا اسمها من كيانغسونغ للصناعات الدقيقة (Kyungsung Precision Industry) إلى اسمها الحالي كيا موتورز (Kia Motors)، ولاحقا، بدأت كيا بصناعة الدراجات البخارية (بدءا من 1957)، الشاحنات (1962) والسيارات باسمها (1974). وافتتحت الشركة أول مصنع متكامل لتركيب السيارات في عام 1973 وهو " مصنع سوهاري " بغوانغ ميونغ. وكانت كيا قد حصلت على رخصة لتركيب سيارة فيات 124 في 1971، وسيارتي فيات 132 وبيجو 604 في 1976. كما أنتجت كيا أول محرك بنزين في 1973 وأول محرك ديزل في 1976. في 1986، وبشراكة مع شركة فورد موتورز الأمريكية، بدأت كيا بصناعة سيارات مستمدة من نماذج مازدا للسوق المحلية وكذا لبلدان أخرى. وتشمل هذه النماذج كل من برايد (المستوحاة من مازدا 121) وأفيلا. اللتان تم تسويقهما لكل من أمريكا الشمالية وأستراليا كـ فورد فيستيفا وفورد أسباير.
في 1991، بيعت أول سيارة لكيا في أوروبا وهي كيا برايد.
في 1992، تأسس فرع كيا موتورز أمريكا في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. وفي فبراير 1994، بيعت أول سيارة تحمل علامة كيا في الولايات المتحدة من طرف أربعة وكلاء في بورتلاند, أوريغون. ومنذ ذلك الحين، بدأ توسع كيا في المنطقة بشكل منهجي إقليم بإقليم. ثم طرحت في نفس السنة سيارة سيفيا، وبعد سنوات قليلة تم طرح كيا سبورتاج في السوق.
ومع ذلك، أدى إفلاس كيا في عام 1997 - بسبب الأزمة المالية الآسيوية - إلى فقدانها لـ 51٪ من أسهمها لصالح منافسها الأول شركة هيونداي موتور التي قامت بمزايدة شركة فورد موتورز التي كان لها مصالح وشراكة مع كيا منذ 1986. وفي وقت لاحق، تمكنت هيونداي من تجريدها من بعض ملكيتها لكيا، وحاليا تملك هيونداي أقل من 40٪ من أسهم كيا.
في أكتوبر 2006، وضعت كيا موتورز الأمريكية حجر الأساس لبناء مصنع لكيا موتورز بـ وست بوينت، جورجيا، وهو ما يمثل استثمارا بقيمة 1 مليار دولار أمريكي لصالح كيا. افتتح المصنع في فبراير 2010.
في 2009، سجلت كيا موتورز الأمريكية 15 عاما على التوالي من زيادة حصتها في السوق الأميركية.
والآن, كيا لها أكثر من 4000 وكيل تجاري في 127 دولة في العام، ولها أكثر من 40000 عامل، وحققت مبيعات قدرها 1.53 مليون وحدة في سنة 2010.

نقطة التحول (2006):
بداية في سنة 2006، قامت كيا بتوضيف مصمم سيارات الألماني " بيتر شراير " وعينته رئيسا لقسم التصميم لديها. شراير الذي سبق وأن عمل لدى أودي (صمم أودي تي تي وغيرها) وكذلك لدى فولكس فاجن (صمم سيارة بيتل الجديدة) والذي نال في 2003 " جائزة التصميم لجمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية ".
عُيّن شراير من أجل إعادة تصميم تشكيلة سيارات كيا. فأشرف على أنشطة التصميم في مراكز تصميم كيا في فرانكفورت ولوس انجليس وطوكيو ومركز التصميم ناميانج في كوريا. وأشار شراير في مقابلة معه في 2007 بأن كيا كان لها " صورة حيادية " قبل وصوله.

أنف النمر:
أراد شرايدر أن يخلق وجه جديد لسيارات كيا يكون مظهراً مميزاُ للسيارة، وجاء هذا في الشبك الجديد التي عرضته كيا مع سيارة كيا كونسبت في معرض فرانكفورت للسيارات 2007. وأشار شراير أنه أراد بذلك " مظهراً قويا ملفتا، ختم، مُعرّف للعلامة " وأن سيارات كيا بحاجة إلى وجه قوي عدواني ومميز وحيوي يجعلك تميز السيارة حتى من مسافات بعيدة. وتعليقا له على الشبك الجديد في 2009 " من الآن فصاعدا، سيكون هذا في كل سياراتنا".

بعض صور سيارات كيا:
كيا أوبتيما 2015

كيا ريو 2015

كيا سبورتاج 2015


كيا سورينتو 2015

المصادر:

1- ويكيبديا

Saturday, October 24, 2015

Types of bearings

Generally speaking, a bearing is a device that is used to enable rotational or linear movement, while reducing friction and handling stress. Resembling wheels, bearings literally enable devices to roll, which reduces the friction between the surface of the bearing and the surface it’s rolling over. It’s significantly easier to move, both in a rotary or linear fashion, when friction is reduced—this also enhances speed and efficiency.

How Bearings Work

In order to serve all these functions, bearings make use of a relatively simple structure: a ball with internal and external smooth metal surfaces, to aid in rolling. The ball itself carries the weight of the load—the force of the load’s weight is what drives the bearing’s rotation. However, not all loads put force on a bearing in the same manner. There are two different kinds of loading: radial and thrust.

A radial load, as in a pulley, simply puts weight on the bearing in a manner that causes the bearing to roll or rotate as a result of tension. A thrust load is significantly different, and puts stress on the bearing in an entirely different way. If a bearing (think of a tire) is flipped on its side (think now of a tire swing) and subject to complete force at that angle (think of three children sitting on the tire swing), this is called thrust load. A bearing that is used to support a bar stool is an example of a bearing that is subject only to thrust load.

Many bearings are prone to experiencing both radial and thrust loads. Car tires, for example, carry a radial load when driving in a straight line: the tires roll forward in a rotational manner as a result of tension and the weight they are supporting. However, when a car goes around a corner, it is subject to thrust load because the tires are no longer moving solely in a radial fashion and cornering force weighs on the side of the bearing.

Types of Bearings

There are numerous different kinds of bearings that are designed to handle radial load, thrust load, or some combination of the two. Because different applications require bearings that are designed to handle a specific kind of load and different amounts of weight, the differences between types of bearings concern load type and ability to handle weight.

Ball Bearings

Ball bearings are extremely common because they can handle both radial and thrust loads, but can only handle a small amount of weight. They are found in a wide array of applications, such as roller blades and even hard drives, but are prone to deforming if they are overloaded.

Roller Bearings

Roller bearings are designed to carry heavy loads—the primary roller is a cylinder, which means the load is distributed over a larger area, enabling the bearing to handle larger amounts of weight. This structure, however, means the bearing can handle primarily radial loads, but is not suited to thrust loads. For applications where space is an issue, a needle bearing can be used. Needle bearings work with small diameter cylinders, so they are easier to fit in smaller applications.

Ball Thrust Bearings

These kinds of bearings are designed to handle almost exclusively thrust loads in low-speed low-weight applications. Bar stools, for example, make use of ball thrust bearings to support the seat.

Roller Thrust Bearings

Roller thrust bearings, much like ball thrust bearings, handle thrust loads. The difference, however, lies in the amount of weight the bearing can handle: roller thrust bearings can support significantly larger amounts of thrust load, and are therefore found in car transmissions, where they are used to support helical gears. Gear support in general is a common application for roller thrust bearings.

Tapered Roller Bearings

This style of bearing is designed to handle large radial and thrust loads—as a result of their load versatility, they are found in car hubs due to the extreme amount of both radial and thrust loads that car wheels are expected to carry.


Reference:

Wednesday, October 21, 2015

Internal combustion in cars and pressure volume diagram

The picture below explains how the pressure and the volumes behave inside the combustion chamber:

Intake: during the intake stroke the piston moves down sucking the mixture of air and gas into the chamber, this increases the volume inside the chamber while the pressure will stay constant.

Compression: during the compression stroke the piston moves up while the valves are closed, compressing the mixture which will lead to an increase in pressure and a decrease in volume.

Ignition: the spark will ignite the mixture, which will be formed into gases. the gases ignited will cause more pressure inside the chamber while the volume will stay constant.

Expansion: Also called the power stroke. in this stroke the piston will move down making more volume inside the chamber and leading the pressure to decrease.

Exhaust: during the exhaust stroke the piston will move up firing all the gases from the chamber leading to decrease the volume while the pressure will stay constant.


Tuesday, October 20, 2015

Small Working Prototype Engine!

Hey! check this video of this small engine, It is really nice!


Pressure Relief Valve Schematic

The pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system or vessel which can build up for a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.
The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurised fluid to flow from an auxiliary passage out of the system. The relief valve is designed or set to open at a predetermined set pressure to protect pressure vessels and other equipment from being subjected to pressures that exceed their design limits. When the set pressure is exceeded, the relief valve becomes the "path of least resistance" as the valve is forced open and a portion of the fluid is diverted through the auxiliary route.

I tried to look for the most explanatory picture that describe the components of the PRV and the below is the best that I got, I hope you will find it useful.







PRV

Reference:
1- Wikipedia.com
2- Learning Engineering.

An amazing video that explains the working principal of the Differential!

Is understanding the working principal of the differential is a bit difficult, check this out! 

A differential is a gear arrangement in the automotive that allow for some difference for angular velocity of the output shaft, but imposes a mechanical bound on the disparity. I really liked the video below as it explains the differential working principal piece by piece.


Saturday, October 17, 2015

Gorman-Rupp to expand distributor network in Sub-Saharan Africa

Gorman-Rupp Africa is currently undertaking a major new initiative to increase its business and service support in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The company is looking to increase the number and coverage of its distributors in the region.
Roger Webster, Gorman-Rupp Africa’s manager for Sub-Saharan-Africa, toldWorld Pumps that “the company has ambitious plans to expand its distributor network in Sub-Saharan Africa and increase its presence in these markets. We would be very happy to receive inquiries from established companies in these markets who may be interested in becoming part of our distributor network.”

Gorman-Rupp manufactures and supplies pumps and pumping systems for a wide range of applications in the municipal, industrial, mining, construction, petroleum, fire and agricultural sectors.

For more information, please contact Roger Webster at roger@gormanrupp.co.za

Reference:

Wanner Engineering introduces T80100 Hydra-Cell seal-less pump

Wanner Engineering Inc is introducing the T80100 Hydra-Cell® seal-less pump for applications such as salt water disposal, salt water injection, bulk transfer, hydraulic lift, and steam generation.

The pump offers flow rates up to 96 gpm (3300 barrels per day; 366.1 l/min) at pressures up to 1500 psi (103 bar).

Hydra-Cell T80100 pumps are 'packing-free' and designed to replace horizontal multi-stage centrifugal pumps and packed plunger pumps in oil and gas applications.

Featuring a seal-less, multiple-diaphragm design, T80100 pumps eliminate hazardous VOC emissions and clean-up and disposal costs of packed-pump leakage. The design also eliminates the need for external lubrication and maintenance as well as plunger wear problems associated with packing.

In addition to zero leakage, T80100 Series pumps can run dry without damage, will operate with a closed or blocked suction line, and can pump abrasive fluids effectively.

These performance features enable the T80100 pumps to compete with conventional plunger pumps by offering a lower cost of ownership, reducing maintenance needs, and providing a longer service life, Wanner reports.

“Wanner Engineering believes so strongly in our new model T80100, that we have instituted a unique beta program for the first customers of the pump,” says John Wanner, VP of New Product Development.

“Should a customer experience pump failure, Wanner Engineering will have a replacement pump delivered in two business days, and we will pay for all shipping costs.”

The T80100 is available exclusively in North America.

Reference:

2015 Chem Show Celebrates 100 Years of Success – Showcasing the Latest Technology and Information

October 17, 2015 by Megan Hyche

In 1915, International Exposition Company’s inaugural Chem Show in New York City aimed to stimulate pharmaceutical, dye and organic chemical manufacturing in the United States.

Over the last 100 years, the exposition’s focus has shifted toward showcasing the industry’s best practices and latest technological advances, while providing a valuable learning experience for all participants. Next month, show attendees will have another unique opportunity to visit hundreds of exhibits and attend seminars that will highlight the newest trends, products and methods of production in the chemical processing industry (CPI).

Providing a comprehensive offering, the majority of this year’s exhibitors (approximately 75 percent) are those responsible for manufacturing the equipment and developing the technology that make today’s CPI methods a reality. According to show management, exhibitions well-align with the Chem Show’s aim to provide key insight into how to accomplish more in less time and with fewer resources, while immersing attendees in hands-on exposure to the latest trends and technological advancements.

The 2015 Chem Show’s exhibits will echo the importance of everything from electronics and wastewater management to the latest practices in sustainability, while exemplifying that, 100 years later, controls and automation have dramatically changed the face of the industry.

With the evolution of automation has also come advancement in required safety measures, including one of this year’s exhibitor’s new safety instrumented system (SIS). Used to increase process reliability, reduce lifecycle costs and avoid adverse consequences, the SIS automatically shifts controls into a “safe state” immediately upon detecting operational errors.

At the upcoming Show, approximately 10 percent of exhibitor’s business focus will be waste treatment practices – an area that has grown exponentially since the first show 100 years ago. Featured innovations in this category include a filter press tool, used to dewater sludge from purification plants for chemical and pharmaceutical processes. While filter presses are among the oldest machine-driven dewatering devices, this particular technology is able to dewater notably larger volumes of sludge than past models.

As one of the most substantial shifts over the past century, the CPI’s focus on improving energy efficiency and sustainability will be seen across numerous 2015 Chem Show exhibits. The past several shows have exemplified how manufacturers and their CPI products have had to change to accommodate these trends. Clarification technologies for filtration will be a prime example of this at Chem Show 2015. These technologies provide new and creative solutions for process filtration, while addressing energy consumption issues typically associated with malfunctioning or sluggish machines.

With a century’s worth of history in highlighting CPI advancement and evolution, the Chem Show’s foundational goals remain the same – to provide a valuable exhibition experience at which today’s CPI engineers, plant managers and related professionals can immerse themselves among the trends, technology and resources advancing the industry’s production quality, efficiency and economic viability.

Additional information on the 2015 Chem Show can be found at chemshow.com.

For a complete seminar schedule, visit chemshow.com/forvisitors/seminars.php.

About Chem Show

The Chem Show began in 1915 in New York City as a way to stimulate the domestic manufacturing of chemicals and dyes. Since then, it has grown into the main event for processing technology, welcoming thousands of professionals from all segments of the CPI as they seek ways to optimize their process operations. The Show offers a unique forum for leading manufacturers and suppliers to demonstrate their latest equipment, systems and products. The biennial Chem Show draws over 300 exhibitors and more than 4,000 attendees, coming from all fifty states and several countries.

About International Exposition Company, Inc. (IEC)

International Exposition Company (IEC) is a Westport, Conn.-based trade show management company. For more than 100 years, the company has built its reputation on a track record of honesty, respect and fairness for exhibiting companies and show attendees. IEC owns and manages three major trade show events; the annual AHR Expo (International Air-Conditioning, Heating, Refrigerating Exposition), the biennial AHR Expo-Mexico, and the biennial Chem Show. Attendance across the three events totals in excess of 70,000.

Reference:

Friday, October 16, 2015

Can VW Catch Up With Electric-Car Technology?

Photo: Getty Images

Volkswagen will catch up with electric-drive technology for one reason: if it doesn’t, it'll have nothing. 
VW’s "clean diesel" is dead because the company’s credibility is shot and the technological out is unappealing. The only way diesels can be cleaned up is by using urea tanks to neutralize their nitrous oxide emissions, and this is too cumbersome and expensive for small cars. Meanwhile, gasoline engines are maxing out on cleanliness as emissions standards rise—and, increasingly, are enforced.
That leaves electric drive, either in its pure or hybrid form. Other companies have shown that electric vehicles are practical—with government subsidies--but VW comes late to the party. Hybrid and longer-range plug-in hybrid vehicles will therefore be the short-term solution, as VW implied two days ago, in a statement:
“The focus is on plug-in hybrids with an even greater range, high-volume electric vehicles with a radius of up to 300 kilometers, a 48-volt power supply system (mild hybrid) as well as ever more efficient diesel, petrol and CNG [compressed natural gas] concepts.”
That reference to a 300-km (186 mile) range reiterates the broad promise made a few months ago by VW’s just-departed CEO, Martin Winterkorn. He said the company’s lab in Silicon Valley was working on a super-battery that he called “a quantum leap for the electric car,” one that would allow an electric Volkswagen to travel 300 kilometers (186 miles) on a charge.
Since then, Volkswagen hasn’t let any daylight in on the magic. If it’s there, then it’s a safe bet that it’s about to get an even bigger dollop of R&D funding.
Why did VW resist EV technology for so long? For one thing, the engineers there have been quoted over the years as hating it, arguing that nobody wants the attendant range anxiety. For another, they have publicly questioned the EV’s green credentials on the grounds that it merely shunts emissions from the tailpipe of a car to the smokestack of a generating plant.
But big companies don’t like to leave stones unturned, and VW has in fact been working on EVs. In Europe it sells the e-Golf, which though it compares well with other small electric cars is still a bit slow off the mark, as Lawrence Ulrich noted in Spectrum’s April issue: “The e-Golf does take about 10 seconds to reach 100 km/h, because it’s weighed down by a 318-kilogram, 24.2-kilowatt-hour lithium-ion battery.”
And a super-battery could do more than extend range—it could be light enough to provide more pep. 
If VW’s in-house battery experts can’t make good on the superbattery’s promise, the company can always acquire an existing power in the EV world. Like, say, Tesla.
Do not laugh. Tesla has both the technology and the reputation that VW lacks, and its market capitalization, US $28.2 billion, is four billion less than what VW has in cash. Or had, before much of it was earmarked to cover the recall of dirty diesels and such. But if Volkswagen and its stakeholders really wanted to, they could probably muster the money.
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Petroleum Engine basics

Petroleum Engine
Petroleum engine is an internal combustion engine with spark ignition that is using petrol (gasoline) as fuel. It is a machine that generates power by converting the potential energy of the fuel to heat and then to motion. It is very famous in our world today, as they have many applications like Automobiles, motorcycles, Aircraft, motorboats....etc. I will explain in this page the basic about the petroleum engines, so that everyone can get the principal idea about this brilliant invention.

History 

It was Nicolaus August Otto who invented the first practical four stroke internal combustion engine in 1876 which called "Otto Cycle Engine". His engine has a very significant contribution as it was universally adopted for all liquid-fueled automobiles after that. Another important contribution was from the German mechanical engineer, Karl Benz, who invented and built the world's first practical automobile in 1885 to be powered by internal combustion engine. His company became the world's largest manufacturer of automobiles by 1900.

 Working Principal

We can understand the working principal of the Petroleum engine by knowing the the working cycles or the working strokes. there are two main common cycles, the four cycles and the two cycles engines.

Four cycle Engine:
In the four cycle engine the piston complete four separates strokes while the crank shaft makes two turns. It is explained below in details:


  1. Intake: This stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center (B.D.C.). In this stroke the intake valve must be in the open position while the piston pulls an air-fuel mixture into the cylinder by producing vacuum pressure into the cylinder through its downward motion.


  1. Compression: This stroke begins at B.D.C, or just at the end of the suction stroke, and ends at T.D.C. In this stroke the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture in preparation for ignition during the power stroke (below). Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed during this stage.
  1. Power: This is the start of the second revolution of the four stroke cycle. At this point the crankshaft has completed a full 360 degree revolution. While the piston is at T.D.C. (the end of the compression stroke) the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited by aspark plug (in a gasoline engine) or by heat generated by high compression (diesel engines), forcefully returning the piston to B.D.C. This stroke produces mechanical work from the engine to turn the crankshaft.
  1. Exhaust: During the exhaust stroke, the piston once again returns to T.D.C from B.D.C while the exhaust valve is open. This action expels the spent air-fuel mixture through the exhaust valve.


Two Cycle Engine:

In the two cycle engine the piston complete four strokes while the crank shaft makes one turn only. In a two-stroke engine, the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happen simultaneously, with the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions occurring at the same time.

Renault/Dongfeng joint venture to build EVs in China

Renault/Dongfeng joint venture to build EVs in China

Renault and Dongfeng have announced plans to build and sell EVs in China.

As part of the joint venture between the two firms, the Dongfeng Renault Automotive Company (DRAC) will produce its first electric car in 2017 at the company’s Wuhan plant (below).
Based on the Renault Fluence, the car will be sold under the badge of a local Dongfeng brand solely for the Chinese market. DRAC CEO Jacques Daniel has cited the project as a sign of Renault’s commitment to worldwide sustainability.
DRAC was formed in 2013 out of the Renault Beijing Automotive Company, which was responsible for selling and marketing imported Renaults in China. Following the original announcement of the Renault/Dongfeng alliance, the group said that they aimed to build their first Chinese-developed car, a C-segment crossover, at their new Wuhan factory in 2016.
Other planned vehicles include another SUV and two saloons, developed exclusively for the Chinese market.

Renault sold its Fluence EV around the world, before poor sales and the bankruptcy of its battery supplier cut production short in 2014.

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CPT and Eminox announce electric supercharging partnership

CPT and Eminox announce electric supercharging partnership


British companies Controlled Power Technologies (CPT) and Eminox have agreed a deal to collaborate on the development of an electric supercharging solution aimed at reducing fuel consumption.
The companies say that by combining CPT’s Cobra electric supercharger with Eminox’s SCRT technology – which itself combines CRT (continuously regenerating trap) and SCR (selective catalytic reduction) technology to reduce emissions of vehicles already in service – they plan to demonstrate a solution that can achieve Euro 6 emissions standards and fuel economy improvements.
The memorandum of understanding between the two companies covers European retrofit applications to public transport and utility vehicles as well as heavy goods and off-highway vehicles, and enables CPT to continue working directly with vehicle OEMs for the application of the technology to new vehicles.
Andy Dickinson, the senior manager at CPT responsible for Cobra, said, “Electric supercharging provides a cost-effective technology for controlling emissions without increasing fuel consumption. Black smoke in particular, which is simply the result of too much fuel and insufficient air, can now be significantly reduced or even completely eradicated. What we have developed is a robust product scaled for heavy duty vehicles.”
“This mutually agreeable arrangement with CPT supports our strategy of partnering with leading technology developers to provide emissions reduction solutions for a wide range of vehicles,” said Dr Phil Bush, Eminox technology manager.
“Eminox SCRT technology can significantly reduce harmful diesel exhaust gases, particularly in urban operating conditions. The additional control of compressed air for transient performance provided by Cobra means that we can purge diesel particulate filters and other forms of exhaust after-treatment for NOx reduction and, most importantly, without compromising fuel economy.”

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Ford lunches Figo Aspire price starting at Rs 4.1 lakh

The Figo Aspire will be available in both petrol and diesel engine options. The petrol option has two variants, powered by 1.2 litre and 1.5 litre engines, available at a price range of Rs 4.90 lakh and Rs 7.80 lakh.

Ford launches Figo Aspire price starting at Rs 4.9 lakh
Ford India on Wednesday launched Figo Aspire priced between Rs 4.90 lakh and Rs 8.24 lakh (ex-showroom price Delhi) to take on the likes of Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai and Honda in the fast growing compact sedan segment.

The Figo Aspire will be available in both petrol and diesel engine options. The petrol option has two variants, powered by 1.2 litre and 1.5 litre engines, available at a price range of Rs 4.90 lakh and Rs 7.80 lakh.

While, the diesel option has a 1.5 litre engine and is tagged at a price range of Rs 5.90 lakh and Rs 8.24 lakh (all prices ex-showroom Delhi). "The year 2015 is the year of next stage of growth for Ford in India. We plan to launch three new products in next six months starting with the Figo Aspire today," Ford India President and Managing Director Nigel Harris told reporters here.

He said the Figo Aspire has been developed keeping the requirements of Indian customers in mind such as good design, high fuel efficiency and value for money while meeting Ford's global standards. With its pricing, Figo Aspire has started a price war against the likes of Maruti Suzuki's Dzire, Hyundai's Xcent, Honda's Amaze and Tata Motors ' Zest which are priced at a range of Rs 5.03 lakh to Rs 8.21 lakh. The segment is witnessing a fierce competition in the Indian market and accounts for nearly 30,000-35,000 cars each month.

After the Figo Aspire, Harris said Ford India will launch the Figo hatch around the festival season, to be followed by an all new version of SUV Endeavour later in the year or early next year. With sales of 1.1 million vehicles in 2014, compact cars' share was 45 percent in India's auto market in 2014. Ford expects the segment to grow to around 1.6 million units by 2018.

The company will also export the Figo Aspire to compete globally. Ford plans to make India an export hub for small cars. It aims to triple exports from India over the next five years with its new USD 1 billion plant at Sanand becoming operational.

"Products like Figo Aspire will come out of our Sanand facility not only for the Indian market but also for other global markets. That plant is going to be an export hub," Harris said. At present, Ford India exports around 60,000 to 70,000 units annually to over 35 global markets from its Chennai- based facility.

With its new Sanand factory getting operational, the company is targeting a total of 50 export markets. Ford India's total installed capacity currently stands at 4.4 lakh vehicles and 6.1 lakh engines per annum from its two plants in Chennai and Sanand in Gujarat.

Maruti Suzuki stock price 


On October 16, 2015, Maruti Suzuki India closed at Rs 4449.90, up Rs 70.05, or 1.60 percent. The 52-week high of the share was Rs 4762.90 and the 52-week low was Rs 2903.25. The company's trailing 12-month (TTM) EPS was at Rs 137.11 per share as per the quarter ended June 2015. The stock's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio was 32.45. The latest book value of the company is Rs 784.70 per share. At current value, the price-to-book value of the company is 5.67.